Saturday, February 21, 2026

Dog Rescue: When Every Day Feels Like an Emergency

People working in shelters, rescues, and community pet programs are used to urgency. A call comes in about an injured animal. A family is about to lose housing and can’t keep their pets. A foster placement collapses. Intake numbers spike without warning. Someone quits. Something breaks. Another decision must be made immediately, and it matters.

 

Over time, that pace stops feeling temporary. Many organizations quietly realize they are not responding to occasional emergencies — they are living inside one. Even as the field has moved toward keeping pets in homes and supporting families before surrender happens, the pressure has not eased. In many places, it has grown.

 

The shift toward community-based help has been a humane and necessary change. Programs that keep pets with their people, offer temporary support during crises, and treat animal welfare as part of human welfare are saving lives and reducing suffering. But expanding the mission has also expanded the strain. Organizations are now navigating housing insecurity, medical costs, transportation barriers, and behavioral challenges on top of traditional shelter work. The work is broader and more complicated than it was a decade ago.

 

Demand is unpredictable. Intake rises and falls with economic changes, housing shortages, disasters, and public behavior. Planning ahead can feel like guessing. Waiting is rarely an option when animals or families are in distress, so decisions get compressed into shorter time frames. Responsibility is spread across many groups: shelters, rescues, veterinarians, volunteers, municipal agencies, and community partners: yet no single organization sees the full picture. Resources, meanwhile, grow slowly. Staff cannot be hired overnight. Foster homes cannot appear on command. Donations fluctuate. Needs surge faster than capacity.

 

Under those conditions, crisis mode becomes the default setting. It is not a failure of dedication or skill. It is the predictable result of trying to manage an unstable flow with limited tools.

 

Living this way carries a cost. Staff and volunteers become exhausted and emotionally drained. Decisions get harder as options narrow. Animals experience the consequences through crowding, delayed care, and stress. Organizations lose stability as turnover rises and knowledge walks out the door. Most importantly, constant emergency response leaves little time to prevent the next emergency.

 

Other fields learned long ago that reacting after problems explode is not enough. Public health tracks warning signs before outbreaks spread. Disaster planning focuses on preparation long before storms arrive. Safety systems in aviation monitor small deviations before they become catastrophic failures. Animal welfare, by contrast, often discovers trouble only when it is unavoidable.

 

Imagine if organizations could see pressure building earlier: not perfectly, but enough to act sooner. Intake patterns starting to shift. Foster availability quietly declining. Staff fatigue reaching dangerous levels. Resource gaps widening in certain neighborhoods. These signals exist, but they are easy to miss when everyone is focused on the immediate crisis in front of them.

 

Prevention is quieter than rescue. It does not produce dramatic stories or visible victories, which makes it harder to fund and prioritize. Yet it is often what allows systems to survive. Acting earlier can reduce suffering for animals, protect the well-being of workers, and preserve the capacity to keep helping tomorrow.

 

No one chooses crisis mode on purpose. It grows out of the structure of the work and the values that drive it. People step in because they care deeply about animals and the families who love them. But compassion alone cannot stabilize a system under constant strain.

A sustainable future for animal welfare will likely depend on building ways to anticipate trouble instead of only reacting to it. Not replacing lifesaving work but protecting it. Not slowing urgency where it is needed but preventing urgency from becoming the permanent state.

 

Communities that want to protect both people and animals need systems that can breathe that can step back, see patterns forming, and act before options disappear. When organizations can see what is coming, they have a chance to stay steady instead of being swept along by the next wave of crisis.

 

The goal has never been simply to respond faster. It has always been to create conditions where fewer emergencies happen in the first place. Sustainable lifesaving depends on that shift.

 

Disclaimer: This editorial is intended to encourage discussion and reflection. It does not provide operational, legal, or veterinary guidance.

 

References

Comfort, L. K., Boin, A., & Demchak, C. C. (2010). Designing resilience: Preparing for extreme events. University of Pittsburgh Press.

Fuerth, L. S., & Faber, E. M. (2012). Anticipatory governance: Practical upgrades. Issues in Science and Technology, 28(4), 65–72.

Institute of Medicine. (2012). Primary care and public health: Exploring integration to improve population health. National Academies Press.

Miklósi, Á. (2015). Dog behaviour, evolution, and cognition (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.

Serpell, J. (Ed.). (2017). The domestic dog: Its evolution, behavior and interactions with people (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Some of this article was composed using AI tools

Beyond the 90% Threshold: Reassessing Performance Metrics in Contemporary Animal Sheltering

Over the past quarter century, the live release rate (LRR) has become the dominant indicator of animal shelter performance in the United States and increasingly abroad. The benchmark most often cited — saving at least 90% of animals entering a facility — has been widely adopted as the operational definition of “no-kill.” This metric has played an important historical role in shifting expectations toward lifesaving and accountability.

 

However, reliance on a single outcome percentage as the primary measure of success risks oversimplifying a complex biological, logistical, and ethical system. As the field of shelter medicine and animal welfare science matures, evidence suggests that outcome metrics alone cannot adequately represent operational efficiency, animal welfare conditions, or long-term sustainability.

 

A more comprehensive evaluation requires attention not only to what happens to animals at exit, but to how they move through the system — and what occurs during their time in care.

 

Outcome Metrics and Their Limits

 

Outcome measures such as LRR capture the proportion of animals leaving a shelter alive through adoption, transfer, or return to owner. They are valuable for assessing lifesaving impact and for communicating performance to the public.

 

Yet outcome metrics are inherently retrospective. They provide limited insight into the processes that generate those outcomes.

 

Two shelters may report identical LRRs while operating under markedly different conditions. One may maintain efficient throughput, stable capacity, and low stress environments. Another may accumulate a growing population of long-stay animals, operating near or beyond humane capacity while temporarily sustaining high live outcomes.

 

In such cases, the outcome percentage alone obscures critical differences in welfare and operational risk.

 

Length of Stay as a Central System Variable

 

Length of stay (LOS) is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of shelter capacity, disease transmission risk, staffing demands, and animal welfare. Time in care is not a neutral variable; it drives resource consumption and biological stress.

 

Research across veterinary and shelter medicine literature indicates that prolonged confinement is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious disease, behavioral deterioration, and reduced adoptability. The relationship between LOS and welfare outcomes parallels findings in hospital operations research, where extended stays constrain capacity and degrade system performance.

 

Thus, LOS functions as a throughput parameter governing the stability of the entire system.

 

Measurement Distortions in Traditional LOS Calculations

 

A critical methodological issue arises in how LOS is typically calculated. Many shelters compute average LOS using only animals whose stays ended during a reporting period. This approach excludes animals present at the start of the period (left truncation) and those still in care at the end (right censoring).

 

These exclusions disproportionately remove long-stay animals from analysis — precisely those most likely to experience welfare challenges and contribute to crowding.

 

A recent peer-reviewed study employing survival analysis techniques, including Kaplan–Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazards models, demonstrates that incorporating all animals present during a period produces markedly different interpretations of shelter dynamics. When censoring is properly addressed, trends that appear unfavorable under traditional methods may reverse, and vice versa.

 

This finding has significant implications for decision-making. Leaders relying on biased LOS estimates may misjudge whether conditions are improving or deteriorating.

 

The Hidden Population of Long-Stay Animals

 

Long-stay animals represent both a welfare concern and an operational risk. Extended confinement can lead to chronic stress, immune suppression, and behavioral changes that further prolong stay duration — creating a feedback loop.

 

Studies of shelter dog behavior have shown that specific stress-related behaviors correlate strongly with increased time to adoption. As stays lengthen, animals may become less adoptable, increasing the likelihood of continued accumulation.

 

Traditional outcome metrics do not reveal the size or trajectory of this population.

 

Capacity as a Flow Problem

 

Animal shelters operate as dynamic intake-and-outcome systems. Stability depends on balancing incoming animals with the capacity to produce timely, humane outcomes.

 

If intake exceeds throughput capacity, animals accumulate, regardless of outcome percentages. Overcrowding elevates disease risk, reduces care quality, and increases staff burnout. High LRRs may persist temporarily but become increasingly difficult to sustain.

 

Operations research in healthcare has long recognized that throughput and length of stay determine effective capacity. Similar principles apply to animal sheltering.

 

The Limitations of the “No-Kill” Threshold

 

The 90% benchmark provides a clear and motivating target, but it does not measure:

  • crowding levels
  • welfare conditions during stays
  • disease incidence
  • staff sustainability
  • hidden backlog

 

A shelter could theoretically meet the threshold while operating beyond humane limits if long-stay animals accumulate without exiting.

 

This observation does not diminish the moral imperative of lifesaving. Rather, it underscores the need for additional metrics to ensure that lifesaving efforts remain humane and sustainable.

 

Toward a More Comprehensive Measurement Framework

 

A balanced evaluation of shelter performance should integrate outcome metrics with flow-based indicators, including:

  • Median and distributional LOS measures that include animals still in care
  • Tracking of long-stay populations (e.g., upper percentiles)
  • Stratification by species, age, size, and medical needs
  • Intake-to-capacity alignment

 

Such measures provide a more accurate picture of operational health and welfare conditions.

 

Implications for Policy and Oversight

 

Policymakers, funders, and oversight bodies should consider revising reporting standards to include flow metrics alongside outcome percentages. Transparent reporting of LOS distributions and long-stay populations would enhance accountability and public trust.

 

Funding criteria tied exclusively to outcome metrics may inadvertently encourage short-term optimization at the expense of long-term stability. Incorporating capacity and welfare indicators could better align incentives with humane outcomes.

 

Conclusion

 

The lifesaving advances associated with the “no-kill” movement represent a historic achievement in animal welfare. Yet as the field evolves, its measurement tools must also evolve.

 

Outcome percentages tell us what happened. Flow metrics reveal what is happening.

 

Responsible stewardship of animals requires both.

 

A comprehensive framework that integrates outcomes, throughput, and welfare conditions offers a more truthful and actionable understanding of shelter performance — one capable of sustaining progress rather than merely reporting it.

 

References (Selected)

Mavrovouniotis, M. L. (2026). Use of Kaplan–Meier and Cox regressions in the distribution of length of stay in animal shelters. PLOS ONE.

Protopopova, A., et al. (2014). In-kennel behavior predicts length of stay in shelter dogs. PLOS ONE.

van der Leij, W. J. R., et al. (2023). Intake, stay, and outcome metrics in shelter populations. PLOS ONE.

Miller, L., & Hurley, K. (2018). Infectious Disease Management in Animal Shelters.

Campbell, D. T. (1976). Assessing the impact of planned social change.

Goodhart, C. A. E. (1975). Problems of monetary management: The U.K. experience.

This article was partially composed using AI technology

 

Friday, February 20, 2026

The AI Struggle: Wrestling with the Machine

There is a lot of merit to the complaints about AI. While the technology is transformative, using it effectively requires navigating a minefield of "chummy" fluff, digital hallucinations, and political bias.

The "Chummy" Noise

First, there’s the phony encouragement. AI platforms often provide a hollow sense of support that I find annoying. Some might find this "friendliness" helps them work longer, but for me, it’s just noise that gets me off task. I’ve learned to ignore the compliments and stay focused on the work.

Filtering the Fluff and the Firewall

Then there is the "political correctness" of the scrape. AI often mirrors whatever is popular or "safe" at the moment, burying the actual data in evergreen filler. I have to pin these platforms down with strict boundaries to filter out the fluff. I’m not looking for what’s popular; I’m looking for scholarly expertise. We must also remember that the "good stuff"—true lifetime wisdom and proprietary knowledge—is often locked behind firewalls or remains inside people's heads. It isn't just being given away for free.

The Cost of Hallucinations

The hallucinations are more than just "glitches"—they are time-sinks. Just last week, a false claim sent me and an associate on a 48-hour wild goose chase. In business, time is money. We were lucky no one’s life was on the line, but the lack of factual basis is a constant risk.

Out-Logic-ing the Interface

Surprisingly, I’ve found I have a talent for out-arguing the AI to get what I need. It requires a specific kind of rigor, built on years of varied life experiences. It reminds me of my early college computer classes; it’s not as formulaic as learning BASIC, but it requires the same level of discipline to "win" the prompt. All those nifty tools aren't as impressive as you might think once you start using them.

Mastery vs. Enslavement

I’m past the point of hiding my AI use. I remember saying I’d never use text messaging, and that lesson turned me into an early adopter here. The faked friendliness and endless bullet points are irritating, but the reality is simple: very soon, there will be those who are enslaved to the machine and those who are running it like the Wizard of Oz. I intend to be the latter.

The Reality Check

I have no interest in the sci-fi fantasy of "unlimited abundance" or government-subsidized leisure. That utopia never works out in the books, and it won’t work in real life. Like HAL in 2001: A Space Odyssey, the technology is always deciding if you are in the way.

AI is here. I plan on surviving by keeping my independence and my creativity. I will use the technology, but I will not let it rule me. I am here to help make the lives of dogs better, and same for their families. I am in the process of developing AI- assisted pet-related business consulting tools to do just that, well beyond the training of dogs that I am most well known for. AI can't replace you if you don't let it. It isn't alive, has no intuition, can't feel. There is a level of expertise it can't leverage without true experts. But it could put you out of business if you don't play this game. 

What about you?

Oh... and yes, this article was written by me... and assisted by an AI platform. But it didn't get here without my final edit and approval, as it should be. 

The Biological Impossibility of “Forced Naps”: Why Arousal and Safety Govern Puppy Rest

In the realm of modern dog training, the “enforced nap” has become a popular tool for managing the behavior of young puppies. However, a critical distinction must be made between providing a structured opportunity for rest and the practice of “forced” confinement of a highly aroused animal... (MORE)

You Are Not a Success Without Developing a Successor: Founder-Centric Nonprofit Rescues and the Illusion of Sustainability

AbstractFounder-led animal rescue nonprofits frequently deliver remarkable early results through personal charisma, dedicated networks, and unwavering commitment to saving lives. However, studies in nonprofit governance and leadership transitions reveal that over-reliance on a single founder often predicts long-term fragility (Block & Rosenberg, 2002; HumanePro, n.d.). This article explores the advantages of founder-centric models in animal rescue organizations, the emerging vulnerabilities as they scale, and the risks associated with neglecting succession planning. It posits that genuine success lies not in individual achievements but in building missions that endure beyond the founder.Introduction: The Paradox of Founder SuccessMany impactful animal rescue organizations begin as passionate individual efforts. A committed person witnesses animal suffering, rallies volunteers, cultivates donor relationships, and builds programs from scratch. These leaders often become the public face of their organizations, embodying the mission in a way that inspires profound loyalty.This dynamic is commonly described as “founder’s syndrome,” where the organization’s identity merges with the founder’s personality and decision-making style (Funding for Good, 2023; HumanePro, n.d.). The very qualities that drive initial success—intense passion, centralized control, and rapid execution—can paradoxically undermine long-term viability. As organizations mature, these traits may hinder adaptation, delegation, and institutional resilience.The Strengths of Founder-Centric Rescue OrganizationsFounder-led rescues are far from inherently flawed. Their structure offers distinct advantages, particularly in the high-stakes, urgent world of animal welfare.
  1. Rapid Action Capability
    Without layers of bureaucracy, founders can respond immediately to crises: approving urgent rescues, reallocating limited funds, or mobilizing volunteers overnight. This agility directly saves animal lives in time-sensitive situations.
  2. Deep Personal Trust Networks
    Connections with donors, veterinarians, fosters, and transport partners often rest on the founder’s personal reputation and relationships, built through years of demonstrated commitment.
  3. Mission Authenticity
    Founders live the cause daily, fostering genuine emotional connections that drive volunteer retention and grassroots fundraising.
  4. Narrative Power
    Stories of rescue resonate powerfully when tied to a relatable individual hero, attracting media attention and public support more effectively than institutional branding alone.
These strengths enable many founder-led rescues to achieve extraordinary impact in their early years.The Hidden WeaknessesAs rescues grow—taking in more animals, expanding programs, or increasing staff—the founder-centric model reveals structural limitations.
  1. Decision Bottlenecks
    Centralized authority can limit organizational throughput. When all major (and often minor) decisions require founder approval, growth stalls (Funding for Good, 2023).
  2. Leadership Bench Suppression
    Staff and volunteers may be selected for loyalty rather than complementary expertise, reducing overall capacity. High-potential leaders often depart when opportunities for meaningful authority are limited (HumanePro, n.d.).
  3. Resistance to Systemic Change
    Established processes reflecting the founder’s personal style can become rigid, making adaptation difficult as needs evolve.
  4. Identity Entanglement
    Founders may view transition planning as a personal threat, leading to avoidance of necessary governance maturation (Open Sanctuary Project, 2018).
Short-Term RisksFounder-led rescues often function smoothly under normal conditions but become vulnerable under increased stress.
  • Operational Overload: Human capacity has limits. Informal systems reliant on one person’s knowledge and energy eventually falter as intake or complexity rises.
  • Program Disruptions: Undocumented procedures or single-point relationships create cascading failures during absences or conflicts.
  • Volunteer and Staff Burnout: Concentrated pressure at the top radiates outward, eroding team morale.
  • Donor Vulnerability: Personal connections rarely transfer seamlessly to the broader organization.
Long-Term RisksThe most serious threats emerge over time.
  1. Succession Vacuum
    Surveys indicate that only about 29% of nonprofits maintain formal succession plans (Schultz & Williams, 2025). Without preparation, leadership changes trigger significant turmoil.
  2. Organizational Stagnation
    Avoiding transition planning halts evolution and reduces adaptability.
  3. Network Erosion
    Partnerships built around one individual may weaken when that person steps back.
  4. Donor and Funder Hesitation
    Institutional supporters prioritize governance stability over personal charisma.
  5. Loss of Knowledge
    Undocumented institutional memory vanishes with key individuals.
The Most Dangerous Outcome: Legacy ErosionOrganizations overly tied to one leader risk becoming static monuments rather than dynamic institutions. In severe cases, founder dominance—once the engine of success—becomes the primary barrier to further growth (Funding for Good, 2023; Open Sanctuary Project, 2018).What Happens When Founders Refuse to Develop SuccessorsCommon patterns include:
  • Gradual contraction of programs and impact
  • Fragmentation of partnerships
  • Nominal continuation with reduced effectiveness
  • Sudden crisis upon unexpected departure
Lack of planning consistently ranks among top governance risks for nonprofit boards (BoardSource, various years).Why This Pattern PersistsPsychological Factors
Deep identity fusion with the mission, fear of diminished relevance, and concern that successors cannot match the founder’s dedication all contribute.
Structural Factors
Boards often composed of close allies, immature governance processes, and absence of leadership development pipelines reinforce the status quo.
The True Definition of SuccessA rescue organization cannot claim full success if its mission hinges on one irreplaceable person. True success requires institutional continuity—systems, governance, and culture that sustain the work independently.What Responsible Founders DoForward-thinking leaders prepare the individual, board, and organization for transition well before urgency arises (Open Sanctuary Project, 2018). They evolve from sole hero to institutional architect:
  • Clarifying roles and authority
  • Building diverse, skilled boards
  • Documenting processes and relationships
  • Cross-training staff
  • Cultivating multiple donor connections
  • Establishing written succession policies
Organizations like Best Friends Animal Society demonstrate this approach successfully by proactively restructuring leadership and governance to empower new generations while honoring founders’ contributions (Best Friends Animal Society, 2023).Conclusion: Legacy vs. LongevityFounder-centric animal rescue organizations perform heroic work daily and deserve deep respect for lives saved through sheer will and compassion.Yet the highest measure of leadership is not indispensability—it is creating something that no longer needs you. Founders who embrace succession planning preserve control in the short term only at potential cost to the mission’s future.The most enduring legacy in animal rescue is an institution strong enough to thrive without its founder, ensuring animals continue to find safety for generations to come.
ReferencesBest Friends Animal Society. (2023). The evolution of Best Friends Animal Societyhttps://bestfriends.org/stories/best-friends-magazine/evolution-best-friends-animal-societyBlock, S. R., & Rosenberg, S. (2002). Founder's syndrome: How corporations suffer—and can recover. Nonprofit Quarterly.BoardSource. (2017). Leading with intent: A national index of nonprofit board practiceshttps://boardsource.org/research-critical-issues/nonprofit-governance-index/Funding for Good. (2023). Ten steps to overcome nonprofit founder's syndromehttps://fundingforgood.org/ten-steps-to-overcome-nonprofit-founders-syndrome-duplicateHumanePro. (n.d.). Getting off shaky groundhttps://humanepro.org/magazine/articles/getting-shaky-groundOpen Sanctuary Project. (2018). Succession planning: A necessary component of responsible sanctuary managementhttps://opensanctuary.org/succession-planning-a-necessary-component-of-responsible-sanctuary-managementSchultz & Williams. (2025). How nonprofits can stay resilienthttps://schultzwilliams.com/nonprofit-landscape-2025This article incorporates AI-assisted drafting and has been reviewed by the author for accuracy, relevance, and alignment with nonprofit governance best practices.