The X In Dog Behavior And Learning Theories

It isn’t unusual for a particular theory to use a hypothetical X to account for factors that the researcher doesn’t wish to isolate and examine or haven’t yet figured out. There is nothing wrong with this approach. We use it in mathematics for a reason. We can solve an equation by assigning an imaginary value to X, plug that into an equation, and then solve for X when the rest of the equation is determined.